The MJE13001 is a common BJT NPN switching transistor that is found in lamp ballasts and (cheap) phone chargers because of its high breakdown voltage and current capacity.
The LM2940S is a positive voltage regulator that features the ability to source 1A of output current with a dropout voltage of typically 0.5V and a maximum of 1V over the e
The DW01A is a battery protection IC, that provides protection against overcurrent, overcharge, and over-discharge and comes in a small SOT-23-6 package. It also has a very low quiescent current to prevent unnecessary battery drain.
The N-channel high power MOSFETs (Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) are popular for driving higher voltages and currents from a microcontroller.