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PIC16F877A Microcontroller

PIC16F877A Microcontroller Pinout Configuration

Pin Number

Pin Name

Description

1

MCLR/Vpp

MCLR is used during programming, mostly connected to programmer like PicKit

2

RA0/AN0

Analog pin 0 or 0th pin of PORTA

3

RA1/AN1

Analog pin 1 or 1st pin of PORTA

4

RA2/AN2/Vref-

Analog pin 2 or 2nd pin of PORTA

5

RA3/AN3/Vref+

Analog pin 3 or 3rd pin of PORTA

6

RA4/T0CKI/C1out

4th pin of PORTA

7

RA5/AN4/SS/C2out

Analog pin 4 or 5th pin of PORTA

8

RE0/RD/AN5

Analog pin 5 or 0th pin of PORTE

9

RE1/WR/AN6

Analog pin 6 or 1st pin of PORTE

10

RE2/CS/AN7

7th pin of PORTE

11

Vdd

Ground pin of MCU

12

Vss

Positive pin of MCU (+5V)

13

OSC1/CLKI

External Oscillator/clock input pin

14

OSC2/CLKO

External Oscillator/clock output pin

15

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI

0th pin of PORT C

16

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2

1st pin of POCTC or Timer/PWM pin

17

RC2/CCP1

2nd pin of POCTC or Timer/PWM pin

18

RC3/SCK/SCL

3rd pin of POCTC

19

RD0/PSP0

0th pin of POCTD

20

RD1/PSPI

1st pin of POCTD

21

RD2/PSP2

2nd pin of POCTD

22

RD3/PSP3

3rd pin of POCTD

23

RC4/SDI/SDA

4th pin of POCTC or Serial Data in pin

24

RC5/SDO

5th pin of POCTC or Serial Data Out pin

25

RC6/Tx/CK

6th pin of POCTC or Transmitter pin of Microcontroller

26

RC7/Rx/DT

7th pin of POCTC or Receiver pin of Microcontroller

27

RD4/PSP4

4th pin of POCTD

28

RD5/PSP5

5th pin of POCTD

29

RD6/PSP6

6th pin of POCTD

30

RD7/PSP7

7th pin of POCTD

31

Vss

Positive pin of MCU (+5V)

32

Vdd

Ground pin of MCU

33

RB0/INT

0th pin of POCTB or External Interrupt pin

34

RB1

1st pin of POCTB

35

RB2

2nd pin of POCTB

36

RB3/PGM

3rd pin of POCTB or connected to programmer

37

RB4

4th pin of POCTB

38

RB5

5th pin of POCTB

39

RB6/PGC

6th pin of POCTB or connected to programmer

40

RB7/PGD

7th pin of POCTB or connected to programmer

 

PIC16F877A Features

PIC16F877A –Simplified Features

CPU

8-bit PIC

Number of  Pins

40

Operating Voltage (V)

2 to 5.5 V

Number of I/O pins

33

ADC Module

8ch, 10-bit

Timer Module

8-bit(2), 16-bit(1)

Comparators

2

DAC Module

Nil

Communication Peripherals

UART(1), SPI(1), I2C(1), MSSP(SPI/I2C)

External Oscillator

Up to 20Mhz

Internal Oscillator

Nil

Program Memory Type

Flash

Program Memory (KB)

14KB

CPU Speed (MIPS)

5 MIPS

RAM Bytes

368

Data EEPROM

256 bytes

 

Note: Complete technical details can be found in the PIC16F877A Datasheet linked at the bottom of this page.

 

Other PIC MCU’s

PIC12F508, PIC12F629, PIC12F683, PIC16F505, PIC16F628A, PIC16F676, PIC16F72, PIC16F873A, PIC16F876A, PIC16F886, PIC18F252, PIC18F25520, PIC18F452, PIC18F4520

 

PIC16F877A

This powerful (200 nanosecond instruction execution) yet easy-to-program (only 35 single word instructions) CMOS FLASH-based 8-bit microcontroller packs Microchip's powerful PIC® architecture into an 40 package and is upwards compatible with the PIC16C5X, PIC12CXXX and PIC16C7X devices. The PIC16F877A features 256 bytes of EEPROM data memory, self programming, an ICD, 2 Comparators, 8 channels of 10-bit Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter, 2 capture/compare/PWM functions, the synchronous serial port can be configured as either 3-wire Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI™) or the 2-wire Inter-Integrated Circuit (I²C™) bus and a Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART).

 

How to Select your PIC Microcontroller

Microchip provides a waste verity of Microcontrollers from PIC family. Each MCU has its own advantage and disadvantage. There are many parameters that one has to consider before selecting a MCU for his project. The below points are just suggestions which might help one to select a MCU.

  • If you are a beginner who is learning PIC then, selecting a MCU that has good online community support and wide applications will be a good choice. PIC16F877A and PIC18F4520 are two such MCUs
  • Consider the operating voltage of your system. If they are 5V then select a 5V MCU some sensors or devices work and communicate on 3.3V in such case a 3.3V MCU can be selected
  • If size and price is a limitation then you can choose small 8-pin MCUs like PIC12F508. These are also comparatively cheaper.
  • Based on the sensors and actuators used in your project, verify which modules you might need in for MCU. For example is you are reading many Analog voltages then make sure PIC has enough ADC channels and supportive resolution. The details of all modules are given in the table above.
  • If you project involves communication protocols like UART, SPI ,I2C, CAN etc make sure you PIC can support them. Some MCU can support more than one module of the same protocol

 

Programming PIC Microcontroller

PIC microcontroller can be programmed with different software's that is available in the market. There are people who still use Assembly language to program PIC MCUs. The below details is for most advanced and common software and compiler that has been developed by Microchip itself.

In order to program the PIC microcontroller we will need an IDE (Integrated Development Environment), where the programming takes place. A compiler, where our program gets converted into MCU readable form called HEX files. An IPE (Integrated Programming Environment), which is used to dump our hex file into our PIC MCUs.

IDE: MPLABX v3.35

IPE: MPLAB IPE v3.35

Compiler: XC8

Microchip has given all these three software for free. They can be downloaded directly from their official page. I have also provided the link for your convenience. Once downloaded install them on your computer. If you have any problem doing so you can post them on the comment below.

 

To dump or upload our code into PIC, we will need a device called PICkit 3. The PICkit 3 programmer/debugger is a simple, low-cost in-circuit debugger that is controlled by a PC running MPLAB IDE (v8.20 or greater) software on a Windows platform. The PICkit 3 programmer/debugger is an integral part of the development engineer's tool suite. In addition to this we will also need other hardware like Perf board or breadboard, Soldering station, PIC ICs, Crystal oscillators, capacitors etc.

 

Components associated with PIC

PICkit3, PIC Development Board, Crystal oscillators, capacitors, 12V Adapter, 7805 Voltage Regulator.

 

Detailed Features of PIC16F877A

PIC16F877A –Detailed Features

CPU

8-bit PIC

Architecture

8

Program Memory Size (Kbytes)

14

RAM (bytes)

368

EEPROM/HEF

256/HEF

Pin Count

40

Max. CPU Speed (MHz)

20

Peripheral Pin select (PPS)

No

Internal Oscillator

No

No. Of comparators

2

No. Of  Operational Amplifier

0

No. Of ADC channels

14

Max ADC Resolution (bits)

10

ADC with Computation

No

Number of DAC Converter

0

Max DAC resolution

0

Internal Voltage Reference

Yes

Zero Cross Detect

No

No. Of 8-bit timers

2

No. Of 16-bit Timers

1

Signal Measurement Timer

0

Hardware Limit Timer

0

No. Of PWM outputs

0

Max PWM resolution

10

Angular Timer

No

Math Accelerator

No

No. Of  UART module

1

No. Of SPI Module

1

No. Of I2C module

1

No. Of USB Module

0

Windowed Watchdog Timer (WWDT)

No

CRC/Scan

No

Numerically Controlled Oscillator

0

Cap. Touch Channels

11

Segment LCD

0

Minimum Operating Temperature (*C)

-40

Maximum Operating Temperature (*C)

125

Minimum Operating Voltage (V)

2

Maximum Operating Voltage (V)

5.5

High Voltage Capable

No

 

Applications

  • Multiple DIY Projects
  • Very good choice if you are learning PIC
  • Projects requiring Multiple I/O interfaces and communications
  • Replacement for Arduino Module
  • Ideal for more advanced level A/D applications in automotive, industrial, appliances and consumer applications.

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