PIC16F886 – 8 Bit Microcontroller

23 October 2018 - 0 Comments

PIC16F886 Microcontroller

PIC16F886 Pinout

PIC16F886 is microcontroller from ‘PIC16F’ family and is made by MICROCHIP TECHNOLOGY. It is an 8-Bit CMOS Microcontroller with nano-Watt Technology. This microcontroller is popular among hobbyists and engineers due its features and cost.

PIC16F886 Pin Configuration

PIC16F886 is a 28 pin IC and each pin can perform multiple functions as shown in above PIC16F886 pin diagram. The description for each of these pins is given below.

Pin Number	Pin Name	Description
1	RE3/MCLR/VPP	RE3: Pin3 of Port E MCLR: Master Clear Input or Reset pin VPP: Programming voltage
2	RA0/AN0/ULPWU/C12IN0-	RA0: Pin0 of Port A AN0: Analog input 0 ULPWU: Ultra Low-Power Wake-up input C12IN0-: Comparator C1 or C2 negative input
3	RA1/AN1/C12IN1-	RA1: Pin1 of Port A AN1: Analog input 1 C12IN1-: Comparator C1 or C2 negative input
4	RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF/C2IN+	RA2: Pin2 of Port A AN2: Analog input 2 VREF-: A/D reference voltage (low) input CVREF: Comparator voltage reference output C2IN+: Comparator C2 positive input
5	RA3/AN3/VREF+/C1IN+	RA3: Pin3 of Port A AN3: Analog input 3 VREF+: A/D reference voltage (high) input C1IN+: Comparator C1 positive input
6	RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT	RA4: Pin4 of Port A T0CKI: Timer0 external clock input C1OUT: Comparator C1 output
7	RA5/AN4/SS/ C2OUT	RA5: Pin5 of Port A AN4: Analog input 4 SS: SPI slave select input C2OUT: Comparator C2 output
8	VSS	Ground
9	RA7/OSC1/CLKIN	RA7: Pin7 of Port A OSC1:Oscillator pin 1 CLKI: External clock source input
10	RA6/OSC2/CLKOUT	RA6: Pin6 of Port A OSC2: Oscillator pin 2 CLKO: Clock source output
11	RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI	RC0: Pin0 of Port C T1OSO :Timer1 oscillator output T1CKI: Timer1 external clock input
12	RC1/T1OSI/CCP2	RC1: Pin1 of Port C T1OSI: Timer1 oscillator input CCP2:Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM2 output
13	RC2/P1A/CCP1	RC2: Pin2 of Port C P1A: PWM output CCP1: Capture 1 input/Compare 1 output/PWM1 output.
14	RC3/SCK/SCL	RC3: Pin3 of Port C SCK: SPI clock SCL: I2C clock
15	RC4/SDI/SDA	RC4: Pin4 of Port C SDI: SPI data input SDA: I2C data I/O
16	RC5/SDO	RC5: Pin5 of Port C SDO: SPI data out
17	RC6/TX/CK	RC6: Pin6 of Port C TX: EUSART asynchronous transmit CK: EUSART synchronous clock
18	RC7/RX/DT	RC7: Pin7 of Port C RX: EUSART asynchronous receive DT: EUSART synchronous data
19	VSS	Ground
20	VDD	Positive Power Supply
21	RB0/AN12/INT	RB0: Pin0 of Port B AN12: Analog input 12 INT: External interrupt
22	RB1/AN10/P1C/C12IN3-	RB1: Pin1 of Port B AN10: Analog input 10 P1W: PWM output C12IN3-: Comparator C1 or C2 negative input
23	RB2/AN8/P1B	RB2: Pin2 of Port B AN8: Analog input 8 P1B: PWM output
24	RB3/AN9/PGM/C12IN2-	RB3: Pin3 of Port B AN9: Analog input 9 PGM: Low-voltage ICSP Programming enable pin C12IN2-: Comparator C1 or C2 negative input
25	RB4/AN11/P1D	RB4: Pin4 of Port B AN11: Analog input 11 P1D: PWM output
26	RB5/AN13/T1G	RB5 Pin5 of Port B AN13: Analog input 13 T1G: Timer1 Gate input
27	RB6/ICSPCLK	RB6: Pin6 of Port B ICSPCLK: Serial Programming Clock
28	RB7/ICSPDAT	RB7: Pin7 of Port B ICSPDAT: ICSP Data I/O

PIC16F886 Features

CPU	8-bit
Total pins	28
Programmable pins	24
Communication Interface	SPI Serial Interface(7,14,15,16 PINS) [Can be used for programming this controller] UART Interface(17,18 PINS) [Can be used for programming this controller] Two-wire Serial Interface or I2C(14,15 PINS) [Can be used to connect sensors and LCDs] ICSP or In-Circuit Serial Programming Interface (27,28 Pins) [Can be used for programming this controller]
ADC Feature	11channels of 10-bit resolution
Timer Feature	One 8-bit counter, Two 16-bit counter
Analog Comparators	2
PWM channels	4
External Oscillator	Up to 20MHz
Internal Oscillator	31KHz-8MHz Internal R-C Oscillator featured with: Factory calibrated to ±1% Software selectable frequency range of 8 MHz to 31 kHz Software tunable Crystal fail detect for critical applications Clock mode switching during operation for power savings
Program memory / Flash memory	16Kbytes[100000 write/erase cycles]
CPU Speed	1MIPS @ 1MHz
RAM	368Bytes
EEPROM	256Bytes
Watchdog Timer	Programmable Watchdog Timer with separate on-chip oscillator
Power Save Modes	Available
Operating Voltage	2.0V to 5.5V
Maximum current to any I/O pin	IN :25mA OUT : 25mA
Operating Temperature	-40°C to +125°C

PIC16F886 Replacements

PIC16F882 and PIC16F883

PIC16F886 Microcontroller Overview

PIC16F886 is a microcontroller good for experimenting and developing applications because it has high flash memory rewrite cycle. Also there are a lot of tutorials and support available online. The controller has 16KBytes flash memory which is enough for many applications. Along with 24 programmable Input/output pins which are developed to handle 20mA current (direct LED driving capability) the system can interface many peripherals easily. With Watchdog timer to reset under error automatically the controller can be used to develop applications of permanent installation.

How to Use PIC16F886 Microcontroller

Like any other microcontroller, PIC16F886 needed to be programmed before getting the chip working. So for working of PIC16F886, first we need to save the appropriate program file in the controller FLASH memory. Once power is provided, the controller executes this code saved in FLASH memory to create the response.

Entire process of programming PIC16F886 goes like this:

First list all the functions to be executed by this controller.
Next write these functions in ‘IDE software’ using relative programming language

(MPLAB IDE for Windows OS [www.microchip.com/mplabx-ide-windows-installer ])

(For these MPLAB IDE you can use ‘C’ language to write the application program)

After writing the desired program compile it for error elimination
For a successful compilation IDE application generates HEX file for the written program
Choose the programming device (usually ‘PIC kit 3’ or ‘PIC kit 2’) which establishes communication between PC and PIC16F886
Connect the programming device to microcontroller appropriately
Run the HEX file dumping software which is related to the chosen programming device
Choose the appropriate program HEX file and burn this HEX file in PIC16F886 flash memory
Disconnect the programmer and connect the appropriate peripherals for the controller

After connecting the power, the controller executes this HEX code saved in the memory (which is written program) and creates response as instructed.