HT12D RF Decoder IC

27 October 2017 - 0 Comments

HT12D RF Decoder IC

HT12D RF Decoder IC Pinout

HT12D Pinout Configuration

Pin Number	Pin Name	Description
1 to 8	A0,A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6 & A7	These are the 8-bit address bits, which is used to protect your data. We should set the bits in same pattern on Encoder and Decoder IC to pair them.
9	Ground/Vss	Connected to the Ground of circuit
10 to 13	AD0, AD1, AD2 & AD3	These four pins are used to obtain the data bits by decoding the data from HT12E IC
14	Input	The Encoded 12 bit output data obtained from HT12E has to be given here
15 and 16	Oscillator pins 1 & 2	The IC has a built in oscillator. This oscillator can be used by connecting these two pins through a 1M Resistor
17	Valid Transmission (VT)	This pin will go high when a data is received. It is not mandatory to use it.
16	Vcc/Vdd	This pin powers the IC should use only 5V

Features

12-bit Decoder IC to be used with HT12E
Decoded data has 4 Data bits and 8 Address bits (8+4=12-bits)
Commonly used for RF and IR wireless transmission
Operating Voltage 5V
Low stand by current of 0.1uA at Vcc=5V
Available in 16-pin DIP, 20-pin SOP

Note: Complete Technical Details can be found at the HT12D datasheet given at the end of this page.

HT12D Equivalent Decoder

PT2272, 74C922

Where to use HT12D RF Decoder

The IC HT12D can be used only with its pair HT12E. These two ICs together form an Encoder and Decoder pair. They are 12-bit Encoders/Decoders, meaning they can transmit 12-bit data among them. But your encoder IC should not communicate with someone else's decoder IC, so an Encoder and Decoder IC pair will share a common Address which is an 8-bit data. So out of the 12-bits 8-bits will be used to set address and the remaining 4-bit will be used to transmit data. With 4-bit data we can create 16 types (2^4 =16) of combinations. These IC’s are commonly used with RF pairs or IR pairs. So if you are working on a project which has to transmit a 4-bit data from one end to other either by wire or wireless then this IC pair will be best suited for you.

How to use a HT12D RF Decoder

The primary function of HT12D is to decode the 12-bit that is received by the input pin. Since the IC comes with an in-built Oscillator it is very easy to make this IC work. The IC is should be powered by 5V (pin 18) and the ground pin (pin 9) is grounded. For decoding a data the IC will requires an oscillator, luckily this IC has one in-built. We just have to connect the OSC1 and OSC2 (pin 15 & 16) through a 470K resistor to invoke it. The 4-bit data that is received can be obtained on pins AD0 to AD1 and an address of 8-bit has to be set using the pins A0 to A7. It is very important that your Decoder should have the same address of that of the encoder. A basic circuit diagram for the HT12D IC is shown below

HT12D Circuit Diagram

In the above circuit I have set the 8-bit address data as 0b00000000, by connecting all address pins to ground. If you want security you can connect any of the 8 pins to 5V to make it high. The complete IC is powered by a +5V supply which could be obtained from a voltage regulator like 7805.The pins AD3, AD2, AD1 and AD0 are connected to any Digital IC that can read the 4-bit data. They can also be connected to LED to physically view the received data. In this the 4-bit output data is just shown as “?” since we do not know what the Encoder IC has sent to the Input pin. If any valid data is received they can be obtained from these four pins.

To know how a 4-bit data can be encoded and then send to the input pin of this IC, we have to understand the working of the HT12E Encoder IC which is given here.

Applications

Used to convert Parallel 4-bit data to series data
Highly useful in wireless communication projects involving RF or IR
Remote controlled systems like garage doors, Car alarm system, Car door controls etc.
Can be used in Home automation for short range remote switching
Safety systems like Burglar alarm system, Smoke or Fire alarm system etc..